Wastewater treatment definition is a process that is executed to remove or clean the waste (effluent) or waste the results of activities of industrial, commercial or household of the water so that the water can be used again by the environment without giving a negative impact or can be reused in the process of industrial, commercial and household. This processing activity is done in 3 or more specific stages, depending on the composition and level of waste contained in the wastewater.
Pretreatment
The purpose of the initial processing is to dispose of materials and materials which are solid and rugged found in raw wastewater effluent. Disposal of these materials is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of operational activities and minimize the work done in caring for and repairing equipment that is used in subsequent processing stages. This early processing activities generally include filtering material is rough (coarse screening), sewage (grit removal), and, in some cases, kominusi or size reduction (comminution) large-sized waste material.Primary Treatment
The primary purpose of the processing is to dispose of solid materials, both organic or inorganic, with sedimentation techniques, as well as to dispose of materials floating in sewage with the techniques of skimming. Approximately as much as 25%-50% of Biochemical Oxygen Requirement (Biochemical Oxygen Demand-BOD5), 50-70% of total suspended solids & (total suspended solids), and 65% of oil and gris (grease) that is present in the wastewater will be disposed of in the process of processing Primer. Several substances that come from living things, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as heavy metals which pertained in solid objects were also thrown in the primary sedimentation process. However, colloidal substances remnants and other dissolved substances are not affected by this process.Secondary Treatment
The purpose of the secondary processing after receiving the effluent from primary treatment process is to remove organic substances and suspended solids and other materials are still lags behind. These stages include the disposal of organic Colloids and dissolved that can be biologically degraded (biodegradable) using aerobic biological treatment process generally. Aerobic biological treatment this happens when there are aerobic bacteria use oxygen to convert organic materials in the wastewater into energy (metabolism), so that it can produce more microorganisms and material inorganic as a result (the most important is CO2, NH3, and H2O).In the situation where there is a high concentration of chemical oxygen requirement (chemical oxygen demand-COD), e.g. > 3,000 ppm, in anaerobic digestion process is more commonly used in secondary processing. In this process of digestion, anaerobic bacteria and organic materials change facultative in sewage sludge (sludge) into energy (metabolism), so that will reduce the final disposal volume, stabilizing the waste, and dewatering. The process is done in a closed tank (also known as anaerobic digesters) as deep as 7 to 14 m. take those different bacteria in the tank, from 1 day up to 60 days or more standard-rate measured in digesters. The gas produced during this process contain methane amounting to 60 to 65% and can be utilized as a source of energy.
Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary processing additional processing is performed after secondary treatment. This process of disposing of more than 99% of other substances (impurities) in waste water, creating water waste results is the best quality. The technology used in this process is very expensive and requires a processing plant operators are experienced and knowledgeable technically qualified.Drying
Solid material-biological (bio-solids) are obtained from the process of waste treatment must be dried to reduce the volume and mengefisiensikan costs of disposal. As required in the process of processing, waste (sludge) may be disposed of to is then processed through the unit dryer such as belt filter presses and centrifuges. Other chemicals can also be used to secure the content of humidity in the cake (mud with high solids concentration) was at its lowest.
Defoamers
The purpose of the processing to reduce the amount of foam.
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